Management's Theories of Motivation

explaining how expectancy theory's three variables that affect workers perfomance.

expectance theory is atheory of motivation that says that people choose how to behave among alternatives courses of behaviour , based on thier expection of what is there to gain from each behaviour or action

david nadler and edward lawler desribed four assuptions about behaviour in an organisation on which the expectancy approach is based

a) behaviour is determined by a compunation of factors in the individual and factors in the environment

b) individuals make consious decision about thier behaviour in the organisation

c) Individual have defferent needs , and goals

d)individual decide bettween alternative behaviour on the basis on thier expectation that a given behaviour will lead to a desired outcome

these three assumptions become the basis for the so called expectancy model , which has three major components or variables

1 perfomance - outcome expectancy

individuals expect certain consquences of thier behaviour. THESE EXPECTATION ,inturn affect thier decision on how to behave eg a worker who is thinking about exceedingthe sales qouta may espect praise , a bonus , no reaction , or even hostility from colleagues

2 valence- the outcome of a particular behaviourhas a specifi valence , or powerto motivate , which varies from individual eg to a manager who values money and achievement , a transfer to a higher paying position in anather city may have high valence to a manager who values affiliation with colleagues and freinds , the same transfer may low vaence