Bibliotemtrics Case

Introduction

One of the most discussed fields of Information Science is Bibliometric. Bibliometrics is a set of statistical methods which are applied in various forms (various media of communication), used to study or measure texts and information. Primarily, bibliometrics was applied as a research method in information studies, mathematics, statistics. The term bibliometrics was derived from "biblion" (Gr.): book and "metron" (Gr.): measure ; first term was introduced by Alan Pritchard in 1969 appeared in the December issue of the Journal of Documentation (Pritchard, 1969). Lately, Fairthorne has paraphrased this definition by the quantitative treatment of the properties of recorded discourse and behavior appertaining to it, however, up to 1969 this science was referred by Pritchard to as statistical bibliography (Hubert, 1977). Nowadays bibliometrics application in History science, Sociology science, Information management, Library science and others. Traditional bibliometrics perform two functions: counting publications, which is used as a measure of productivity and counting citations: to show the importance and visibility of apiece of research published. Bibliometric methods have been applied for various purposes: evaluation of library collections, scholarly communication. While bibliometric methods are most often used in the field of library and information science, bibliometrics have wide applications in other areas. Bibliometric methods are seldom used by librarians in practical work. Bibliometric methods make it possible to evaluate unlimited amounts of publications from institutions or countries. The most known bibliometric method in scientific publishing is citation analysis. Furthermore, it is commonly used bibliometric method.

Citation Analysis

Citation analysis can be described as an examination of the frequency and pattern of citations in articles and books. It represents the most common method in a broader discipline known as bibliometrics (Borgman, 1990). It uses citations in scholarly works to establish links to other works or other researchers. At 20th century when amount of literature is rapidly growing, it became increasing difficult for librarians and scholars to simply fallow all available material. Indeed, the body of published knowledge had become enormous and was continuing to grow. For these reasons, it had become clear that any citation analysis in the scientific world would be considerably facilitated by the generation of a citation index (Merton, 1996). A citation index can be described as an ordered list of cited articles, with each accompanied by a list of citing articles. Perhaps the most used bibliometric methods in addition to the above mentioned are co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling and coward analysis. Automated citation indexing has changed the nature of citation