Chapter 14 Terms

Chapter 14 Terms

Section 1

1. Simony- When Bishops sold positions in the Church.

2. Gothic- A new style of architecture.

3. Urban II- He was a Pope.

4. Crusade- a "holy war'.

5. Saladin- A Muslim leader that took over Jerusalem.

6. Richard the Lion-Hearted- An English king.

7. Reconquista- A long effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain.

8. Inquisition- A court held by the Church to suppress heresy.

Section 2

1. Three-field system- Under this new system, famers could grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, not just on half of it.

2. Guild- Was an organization on individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.

3. Commercial Revolution- An expansion of trade and business.

4. Burghers- merchant-class town dweller, resented this interference in their trade commerce.

5. Vernacular- The everyday language of their homeland.

6. Thomas Aquinas- A scholar that argued that the basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.

7. Scholastics- schoolmen.

Section 3

1. William the Conqueror- William was duke of Normandy.

2. Henry II- The English king.

3. Common law- Over the centuries, case by case, the rulings England's royal judges formed a unified body of law that became known as common law.

4. Magna Carta-On June 15, 1215, they forced John to agree to the most celebrated document in English history.

5. Parliament- Legislative group.

6. Hugh Capet- An undistinguished duke form the middle of France, succeeded him.

7. Phillip II- One of the most powerful Capertians.

8. Estates-General- The commoners, wealth landholders or merchants, that Philip invited to participate in the council became known as the Third Estate.

Section 4

1. Avignon- The city the new pope moved to.

2. Great Schism- A division of the church.

3. John Wycliffe- He challenged the papacy, he preached that Jesus Christ was the head