Critical Thinking

Acknowledgement

Thankful to the divine mercy and grace of time, life energy is awarded to me I can also complete this important task successfully as this is part of the dedicated work of the subject.

Firstly, I would like to dedicate this gratitude to my beloved lecturer, Mr. N. Krishnan due to the guidance and mentoring of open space for me to complete this task successfully. Besides, I am also very grateful to my subject teachers for their guidance and valuable advice for my course work and helped me from when I was through thick and thin. His service I will always cherish the end.

I also want to thank you goes to my parents who gave me a facilitator to complete the course. They have given me all the facilities and moral support of the infinite until I successfully finish the task. Thanks also go for giving me financial help.

This gratitude also goes to the many friends who warn against all what I was negligent. They help me to answer every question I've asked for them. It's you who are willing to take the time to give me information I will never forget.

The end of the song, I would like to thank those involved either directly or indirectly in making this course work. Thank you.

Introduction

In recent years 'critical thinking' has become something of a 'buzz word' in educational circles. For many reasons, educators have become very interested in teaching 'thinking skills' of various kinds in contrast with teaching information and content. Of course, you can do both, but in the past the emphasis in most people's teaching has been on teaching content- history, physic, geography, or whatever- and, though many teachers would claim to teach their students 'how to think', most would say that they do this indirectly or implicitly in the course of teaching the content which belongs to their special subject. Increasingly, educators have come to doubt the effectiveness of teaching 'thinking skills' in this way, because most students simply do not pick up the thinking skills in question. The result is that many teachers have become interested in teaching these skills directly. This is what this text aims to do. It teaches a range of transferable thinking skills, but it does so explicitly and directly. The skills in question are critical thinking skills (sometimes called critic-creative thinking skills - for reasons explained below), and the will be taught in a way that expressly aim to facilitate their transfer to other subjects and others contexts. If you learn, for example, how to structure an argument, judge the credibility of a source or make a decision, by the methods we shall explain in a few contexts, it will not be difficult to see how to do these things in many other contexts too; this is the sense in which the skills we teach in this text are 'transferable'.

It can be dangerous for an educational idea to become fashionable, because it gets pulled in many directions and can lose its focus, so we begin by explaining the idea of 'critical thinking' as it has developed over the last 100 years.

Critical thinking is an important thinking which required high level of thinking and always refers as metacognition. Before we defined critical thinking as a whole, we should define the meaning of 'critical' and 'thinking' itself. Critical is the tendency to find errors and characterized things by careful evaluation and judgment whereas thinking is the process of thought and giving opinion or reasoning.

Thus, critical thinking is the process of questioning with assumption. It is the ability to think clearly, rationally and disciplined in which the abilities to engage in reflective and independent thinking.

IBN SINA

Background

IBN SINA better known in the West by the name of Avicenna has a full name Abu Ali al-Huseyn bin Abdullah bin Hassan Ali Ibn Sina. He is an ethnic Persian. According to Ibn Abi Ushaybi'ah it was born in the year 375 AH, in the village near the city Kharmaitan Afshanah Propinzi Bukhara Afghanistan.

The first lesson he received in childhood is the Quran and literature available to him in an informal setting. It began studying at the age of 5 years. Meanwhile, at age 10 years, he has managed to memorize the Holy Quran. At that time 18 years old increased Ibn Sina has been a "Doctor of the Royal". In addition, Ibn Sina also dominated all fields of knowledge available at the time. Religious knowledge as interpretation, jurisprudence, comparative religions (Ushuluddin), Sufism and others are controlled when he was 10 years old. In his childhood, he coached and taught by Abu Abdullah Natili, his father was a close friend, and his own father. Among the areas of knowledge that successful controlled, including in the field of philosophy, medicine, geometry, astronomy, music, poetry, theology, politics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, literature and cosmology.

At the age of 21, while in Kawarazm, he began to write his first, entitled "Al-Majmoo" containing a variety of complete knowledge. Then she went on to write other books. The names of the books that ever was written Ibn Sina, including those that are small-size leaflets, loaded and assemble in a large book entitled "Essay de Bibliographies Avicenna" produced by Dominican Pater in Cairo. Among contained in the book, including the author's books very well known, Al-Qanun Fit - Tibb.

Ibn Sina's influence as a failasuf and medical doctors in European culture is vast. Essay book al-Qanun Fit-Tibb (Medical Regulations) consists of 14 volumes, was regarded as a collection of treasures medicine. Much modern medical knowledge learned from Ibn Sina, in terms of drug use, diagnosis and surgery.

Ibn Sina ever is given the title as "Medico rum Principal" or "King of the Royal Physician" by the Latin Scholastic.