Fukuyama, F. (2011)

This article is a review published in The New York Times on the book by Francis Fukuyama "sources of political order".

There are scientific theses show that the social behavior of human beings there is a basis Aboltzioni. Francis Fukuyama extends this theory and concentrates on the cultural and not necessarily the biological basis of human behavior.

Know Fukuyama, human nature is universal and is built over time developing behaviors (eg creating rules and enforcing them), repeated throughout history in various cultures. The research in the study lies in the development of human behavior through a variety of factors: combat, religion etc.. This is in contrast to researchers who had gathered just one factor.

Fukuyama's argument is that companies in his political development in different ways. They choose from the alternatives the best form of government and are not a linear line to form a predictable regime.

Fukuyama's book explores the development of political order from the period of early man (Hunting and Gathering) until the 18th century. The first significant development is the transition from groups of tribes, hunters and gatherers. This shift was due to religious views to unite large groups to work in common ancestors.

War between various tribes has led to the significant development of the other: beyond the tribe of the country. State is more organized and body stable (tribes tend to fall apart after the death of the leader). Because the state has given greater confidence in human beings to survive, people preferred to live under the frame that forces the state.

Most of the work of Fukuyama book deals with the crossing tribes countries. In his opinion, the move was influenced by geography, history and especially the order of institutions around the world. Institutions are the rules Shmkoweinim human behavior. All these formed a different regime based on the same theme. Existence of institutions is an important aspect of the country: if among the tribes, the instinct is to protect your relatives, states have a tendency to create laws and comply with them. China, the first state, founded in -221 BC Once your official status loyal to the state or relatives.

Europe took place over the tribes feudal society, a farmer working for the Lord in return for protection. When they were kings in Europe, are rarely acquired absolute power but divided it with the other lords feudal lords, as it was in China. Another limitation was the absolute rule of the laws of the church, formed the foundation of the rule of law. Later, Europeans developed the idea that the law must be absolute and not the ruler. According to this principle the English Parliament had executed King Charles 1. France, however, failed to maintain a balance between the classes in the country, that eventually led to the French Revolution.

Know Fukuyama, only England and Denmark have developed an effective formula that includes