History of Policing

History of Policing

-Development under King Alfred the Great (Anglo-Saxon) 871-899

-He formed the mutual pledge system because he wanted order in the area he ruled

-Similar to Community Policing, "Every male who is over the age of 12 was responsible to take a pledge to look after their family and 10 other that were grouped together."

-These 10 families were called Tithings.

-Primary rules of law were Murder and theft, offenders were brought before the king, if they failed to return an offender, the members of the tithing could be punished

-100 people group

-Later he moved to keeping the peace as a geographical perspective. The Shire

-The representative of the Shire was known as The Reeve.

-Shire + Reeve = Sherrif

-Posse Comitatus is a group of men who dealt with any emergency that came up

-Shire Reeve could appoint a Mounted Officer of the Military as a Deputy

-That deputy was known as Comes Stabuli

-The stuck around until 1285 when King Edward the 1strevamped a lot of Laws

-He introduced a Codified Police System similar to a statue

-This was known as the Statute of Winchester

-Walled towns, we will appoint watchmen to look out for fires and arrest strangers known as the watch and ward system

-distinguishes rural from urban

-This stuck around for about 500 years but it fell apart because no one wanted to be a watchman anymore. The mutual pledge fell apart because people didn't want to drop everything to chase down bad guys. The systems decayed. At the same time this is happening, the military is being used in keeping order for big events.

The Mid 1700s, a profound change takes place called Industrialization

-London is central to this

-Changes in population, went from homogenating to hetrogenating

-There were differences in demographic, economics,

-1772, Sir John Fielding started the change because Crime was skyrocketing

-1780 Riot of the Anti-Catholic Gordon Riots

-1819 Peter Lu massacre or the Manchester Massacre, basically Poor vs. Rich

-Original thought was that and Organized Police System is a threat to democracy, there was no real support in 1821-1827 even though the idea was floated many times.

-Sir Robert Peel was the Home Secretary in charged on Public Order

-"If you can come up with a document that can guide Police conduct we'll agree to allow a Police Force to form"

-Charles Rowan was a leader in the Military

-Mayne

-The two of them wrote 9 principles to govern Police, Peels Principles

-London Metropolitan Police Act of 1829

-This