Microbiology Project

1. Socialization

a. Agents of socialization

i. People who initiate socialization process

b. Professional socialization

i. Process by which people learn social rules and become members of groups

ii. Internalization of perfressional identity that includes norms, values, attitudes and behaviors of the profession

c. Models of initial socialization

i. Simpson model

1. proficiency in specific tass

2. attachment to significant others in work environment

3. internalization of values of professional group and adoption of the behaviors in prescribes

d. benners stages of nursing experience

i. novice; no experience

ii. advanced beginner; has experienced enough real situations ot make judgements about them

iii. competent practitioner; 2-3 years of experience, organizational and planning experience.

iv. Proficient practitioner: 3 to 5 years of experience, sees situation as a whole, focuses on long term goal

v. Expert practitioner; performance is fluid, flexible and highly proficient, no longer needs guidelines

2. nurse as a life long learner

a. continued formal academic preparation

i. masters degree

b. organizational human resource development

i. ex. Employer offers programs to learn about new equipment

ii. orient new staff members

c. mandatory and voluntary continued education

i. constatnt updating and growth to keep up with technology and changes in the nuring profession

d. episodi learning

i. vouluntary private learning such as reading a nursing journal.

3. learning theorists

a. behaviorism

i. thorndike, Pavlov, skinner

ii. environment influences behavior and how a person controls it

iii. classical conditioning; associate items with responses

iv. operant conditioning; increase frequency of respone with pleasurable out comes

v. reinforcement

vi. extension

1. process by which behavior is unlearned

vii. th more quickly reinforcement follows a response the more effective

b. social learning theory

i. bandura

ii. agrees that the envioronment influences overt behavior but the following is also important;

1. characteristics of the person

2. persons behavior

3. the environment

iii. observational, learing and modeling

c. cognitivism

i. piaget, lewin, gagne, bloom , burner

ii. learning is the development of understandings and appreciation that help the individual function in a larger context

iii. learning is based on a change in perception, that is, learning is largely mental, intellectual or thinking process

iv. cognitive learning process

1. aquiring information- sensory reception and discrimination

2. process information- provides meaning to the information through association, generalization and the formation of concepts

3. using information- app;ying information in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor areas

d. humanism

i. maslow, rogers

ii. focuses on both cognitive and affective areas of th learner

iii. learning is self motivated

iv. catergorization; catergoriziing information

v. constructivism; collection of theories with a common thread constructing or building knowlee

vi. multiple intellects; intelligence has many different branches

e. definition of learning

i. a change in human disposition or capability that persists over a period of time and that cannot be solely accountd for growth

ii. learning is represented by a change in behavior

4. nurses as teachers

a. nurses teach patients who need instruction about treatments or teach groups of learners such as prospective parents

b. teach patient and familie, care givers, health care providers and assistants

5. leadership vs management

a. leadership

i. process of influencing people to accomplish goals

b. management

i. leadership plus coordination and use of resources through planning, organizing, coordination directing and controlling to accomplish specific institutional goals and objectives

c. differences

i. leaders

1. donot have delegated authority power comes from other means

2. have wider variety of roles

3. may not be part of the formal organization

4. focus on group process, information gathering feedback and empowering others

5. emphasize interpersonal relationships

6. direc willing followers

7. have