Nationalism Case

Nationalism

Over many of the past years just about every nation or country has changed dramatically for many reasons. One of the major and discussed reasons is nationalism; nationalism is the political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individual's with a nation. As well as nationalism motherhood and women's right played roles as well in shaping how the world operates today. During this time many women across the world was looked upon as the women of households, and not really given the same rights legally as men.

With political revolutions in Latin America and reform movements in Britain specifically towards the word "male" in laws and other provisions about the voting franchise. This would have a result of ultimately ending with women becoming more active in the political revolution of the late 18th and early 19th century. Many of the women of this time drafted grievances, hosted meetings, served as spies, signed petitions, carried weapons and supplies, and cared for the wounded. Women's groups' also active lobbyists as constitutions between the 1890's and 1930's were being drafted. With real power being held by wealthy land owner, many of whom were slave-holders, women found exposure due to their abolitionist writings. A federation of associations that advocated female suffrage addressed concerned of working class women, but they rejected the discussion of class conflict or social revolution. Male nationalist reformers resented the economic and political domination of the coffee-growing elite; they advocated modernization with an eye to making Brazil a more self-sufficient nation. Some dissatisfaction would grow stronger when coffee exports collapsed with the world economic crash of 1929. In 1932 , a new Brazilian electoral code enfranchised women under the same condition as men. Following that women's right to vote was affirmed in the new constitution of 1934.

Many theorists of nationalism have noted the tendency of nationalists to liken the nation to a family. It is a predominantly male ran household in which both men and women have 'natural' roles to play. While women may be subordinated politically in nationalist movements and politics, as we have seen asserted above, they occupy an important symbolic place as the mothers of the nation. As exalted 'mothers in the fatherland' their purity must be impeccable, and so nationalists often have a special interest in the sexuality and sexual behavior of their women. While traditionalist men may be defenders of the family and the nation, women are thought by traditionalists to embody family and national honor; women's shame is the family's shame, the nation's shame, the man's shame.

The construction of the Suez Canal in the 1850's and 1860's had given European powers an even greater financial and strategic interest in Egypt. Male and female reformers called for an "awakening" of women and their transformation into "new women" who would assist in making Egypt a stronger nation. Male reformers advocated unveiling the face as a key symbol of Egypt's awakening, though most female reformers disagreed. Also Egypt drafted a new constitution in 1923 which appeared to accord rights to women, but an electoral law passed only three weeks later limited voting rights only to men. Japan decided to modernize through industrialization and several nationalist reforms argued that the expression of women trade Japan seem backward in Western Eyes. Japan's government suppressed the Freedom and People's Rights Movement by forbidding women in particular from organizing or joining political associations or even attending meetings where politics where being discussed amongst males.

Not also were the government and nation as a whole demining the social and political rank of women but also were the military as well. They possessed this by the military institutions and actions are sexualized centres on the depiction of the 'enemy' in conflicts. Accounts of many wars and nationalist conflicts include portrayals of enemy men either as sexual demons, bent on raping nationalist women, or as sexual eunuchs, incapable of manly virility. The analysis of Theodore Roosevelt's nationalist discourse provides examples of both. In "African Game Trials" Roosevelt adopts a colonialist's superior, indulgent attitude towards African men, whom he describes as 'strong, patient, and having humor. With something childlike about them that makes one really fond of them. Of course, like all savages and most children, they have their limits'. Roosevelt's assessment of Native Americans was less patronizingly benevolent.

According to Francisca Diniz who posted an editorial in a Brazil newspaper entitled "O Sexo Feminino" in 1890. She believes that a strong nation will be one with educated women who are free from traditional prejudices and superstitions. She states that women "are considered nothing but objects of indispensable necessity. She wants women to be fully aware of their own worth and of what they can achieve. "The right to vote is an attribute of humanity because it stems from the power of speech". "Women are asking for what is due as and what, by natural right cannot be denied us". She also states how moral advancement can best lead women to understand their rights and duties, as well it is being able to guide their hearts near what it is that they have been striving