Notes on Civil War

Dred Scott Decision: congress did not have the power to limit the spread of slavery. Help to overturn the Kansas nebraska act. Slaves were a thing and addressed constitutional rights. It would be unconstitutional to take the property and the owner's due process 5th amendment rights. 1857

Hinton Helper: Author book about south and slavery. republicans used it as campaign literature in 1860s and the slavery was hurting the south so it was banned.

Know nothing party: started from the order of star spangled banner 48-49 (nativists). 1850 full party. Nativism and the stop the spread of slavery like the free soilers. Catholics, job competition from immigrants.

Kansas Crisis:

1854: Kansas Nebraska Act (south carolina governor) the unorganized 36 30 minute kansas nebraska is organized. popular sovereignty put into play.{compromise of 1850( utah and NM)}

Border ruffians are a problem

1855: Two territorial governments (Shawnee Mission- pro slavery and is fraud), and (Topeka is formed in response to the fraud and is anti slavery)

1856: Bleeding Kansas is in full tilt. Attack on Lawrence Kansas (Anti-slavery town). border ruffians come in and destroy the town and printing press.

1857: A response to this is the john brown attack on pottawatomie creek (Pro Slavery). John Brown mutilate the people and kill them. Le Compton votes, (the lecompton vote or constitution that had a provision that protected rights of property owners)

Lecompton Vote with slavery

Lecompton Constitution (either way slavery was protected because slaves are property)

Then

Either vote for or against the constitution (SHOT DOWN)

1859: Harpers Ferry raid by John Brown and is stopped by Robert E. Lee

1861: Kansas admitted as a free state

Sumner's speech about kansas: The crime against kansas. indictment of kansas nebraska act allowed the expansion of slavery. North was mad. Just like how they were about Lecompton. Attacked Butlers support of the act. Sumner was a harvard graduate and starts to make fun of butler. He makes fun of the stroke. Preston Brooks who is member of the same state congressmen and beats him with a cane. Brooks was a southern gentlemen

Deepening divide of the sections and change of character

1858: 8 of the debates. Lincoln 3rd try and senate seat and is the republican challenger. The republican party opposed to the spread of slavery. Freeport doctrine by douglas. (uphold dred scott decision, or popular sovereignty). Douglas said that the power will always rest with the people. Best sanctification he can provide. Lost popularity with southern democrats because he didn’t take a stand. Douglas is one of the young guard (group of new senators. Seward made a speech on compromise 1850. He said there was a higher law than constitution and that war was inevitable.

Are not the same as 1860. Democratic party in this year in response to the Kansas Nebraska split. John Buckeridge and Douglas.

Helped Lincoln's rise as a republican candidate and a truly national event. Articulate spokesman. He was not an abolitionist. He was from old northwest (He was butternut)

Montgomery Convention: (7 states succeeded) to put together the first confederate capital in 1860. By february the confederate states were open. the president with a 6 year term who was jefferson davis. April 12 1861. When edmund ruffin (soldier from south carolina). Shots on sumter (off coast of south carolina). Lincoln asks for volunteers and the northern south succeeds and the capital is moved to richmond. According to lincoln it was illegal and never existed. Article 6 and supremacy clause. He put down the rebellion.

Border state: has slavery but never left. Lincoln declared martial law in maryland and shut down their government

*West virginia is considered a border state but it did not have slavery

Crinton Compromise: last effort for legislative compromise of slavery and it failed

36-30 to pacific everything north is slave everything south is slave. when they become respective states is popular sovereignty. Lincoln does not support.

1860: South Carolina is the first to secede in response to lincoln's election, 7 have seceded when he takes office

Fort Sumter: “feeding hungry men” he deals with the governor of south carolina (fire-eaters were in south carolina and were the first to secede).

20th and 21st Amendment: Lame duck : congress: january 3rd and president: january 22nd the great depression. Both with roosevelt

New immigrants: Asia and southern europe

1862 (transcontinental railway act): 5 transcontinental railways the immigrants do it (chinese)

***uncanny ability to be one step ahead and uniformly he did things at the right time and he always put people in a position that he benefitted

Anaconda plan: blockade the south by the Union

Capture the capital of Richmond (end of war 1865) it looked wrecked and destoryed

Blockade of Confederate Coast

Control and Capture Mississippi River

Gettysburg is the turning point of the war and grant breakthrough at vicksburg the union gains control of the river and the war turned in the favor of the union. Grant was going to go from VA in early 1864 and make a series of flanking actions to general Lee and Lee moves southward. War bogs down in petersburg and lincoln is facing re-election. 1864: Sherman and Grant progress to atlanta because it's the last industrial area of the south. He gets bogged down before atlanta and sherman breakthrough in atlanta. Sherman is executing total war (destroy all resources to the others advantage). In atlanta he levels and burn Atlanta

1861: Fort Sumter first shots of the Civil War Confederates fire on anderson. Stonewall jackson

1861: First Manassas (named by south). First Bull Run Creek CONFEDERATE V

1862: Second Bull Run

1862: Peninsula Campaign June, McClellan defeat: He was disinclined to fight. Organized troop. Try to capture Richmond. UNION V and retreats.