Problem and Solution

It is quite difficult to compare our world five centuries ago and today. If we go deeper in this comparison, what was in time of Kazakh khanate for example, the laws were strict and the corruption rate was law. We can also notice that our rules is also strict, but not efficient in our nowadays life. Unfortunately, some problems also transferred from previous generations and are becoming topical nowadays. One of the clear examples of problems, which are present in our life at the moment, is corruption. Corruption is something that people everywhere become "addicted to", instead of avoiding it, people make it part of their life. Corruption is one of the major problems that exists in our society today, and each members` responsibility of this society is to make some actions in order to solve it.

Corruption is so developed nowadays, so Shah and Schacter (2004) also state that

there are as minimum three forms of corruption, which are the most well-known for

today. These are "public sector corruption, bureaucratic corruption and grand corruption"

(p.40).The main cause for corruption acts is low salaries in government jobs. According

to researchers "Inequality of wealth and situations where salaries and wages are very low

compared to the prevailing standard of living are some of the economic causes of

corruption"(Causes of corruption, para. 3). People who give bribes directly affects

corruption. The another cause of corruption can be 'weak legal framework to fight

corruption', (Causes of corruption, para.5) Anwar Shah and Mark Schacter (2004) in

their article give the examples of statistics on corruption, which vary in different

countries. For instance, in Post-Soviet country, Latvia, 40 percent of families said that

corruption plays significant role in their life, moreover it helps them to cope with various

problems.(para 1) It can lead to many problems in country`s economy. Some

development programs can stop in middle way. In social sphere, corruption discourages

people to work together for the common good. "Frustration and general apathy among the

public result in a weak civil society. Demanding and paying bribes becomes the tradition.

It also results in social inequality and widened gap between the rich and poor, civil strive,

increased poverty and lack of basic needs like food, water and drugs, jealousy and hatred

and insecurity."(Effects of corruption, n.d) Furthermore, corruption has serious impact on

the individual community and country. Corruption leads to the depletion of national

wealth. It is often responsible for increased costs of goods and services. Corruption

destroys country's economy. Anwar Shah and Mark Schacter (2004) gives information

which was estimated by the Commission on Audit, shows that in the Philippines due to

corruption in "public sector", it's being wasted $4 billion in vain (para 1). Undoubtly, as

corruption rates increased dramatically, such circumstances encouraged people to take

some actions. After such shocking stories we really start thinking of the question How

corruption can be solved?. So, there are three possible solutions, which they can use in

order to succeed while struggling against corruption.

The first way to solve the problem of corruption is that governments should take away the power of politicians in economic activates and kill red tape. It means that in some cases there are too many procedures, most of which sometimes unnecessary. For instance, as it was mentioned in the research of professors 'to establish a hotel in Zambia, people have to get fifteen licenses in order for their business to become legal.' (Zambianos, 2009, p.23), It also requires too much time to do all the procedures, so people prefer to pay once and not to have any troubles with law. The first advantage of such solution is that humans will not give bribes to those, who have a power to control everything; instead of it they will use money for development of their business without help of corrupt officials. The next advantage is that people won't be dependants of authorities, who force them to pay money or "illegal taxes" in order to be permitted to do something without any worries that next day you will lose everything that you have today. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of such solution. Moreover, the suggested solution of the problem, can lead to a number of other problems or in other words people, who get profit out of corruption won't agree to refuse from additional sources of income and they will do their best to "save" corruption. Anwar Shah and Mark Schacter (2004) in their article give the example that in Latvia 40 percent families said that corruption plays significant role and help decide some problems. Furthermore, it can cause anarchy - the loss of control over people. There will be so few rules and regulations, so people won't subordinate anyone. There will always be people interested in existence of corruption. Finally, first solution may encourage other kinds of corruption to develop.

The second way to solve the problems connected with corruption is government should give high priority for anti-corruption agencies and create new anti-corruption programs. Create as many anti-corruption departments and agencies as possible, which are to reduce the rates and spread of corruption. Kazakhstan created good strategy for fight with corruption by giving high priority to anti-corruption agencies. The first advantage is that people will more participate with fighting corruption. In last time well-known