Report of G-Typing

Report 2B

1. G-typing is a process enhanced in cytogenetic to generate a visible karyotype via condensed chromosomes staining. It uses particular alternating bands along chromosome length producing a distinct pattern for each individual pair of chromosome. G-typing supports many processes in diagnosis and research. For instance, it has the capability of identifying pairs of chromosomes that have structural abnormality.  Besides, it has the ability of determining the dark bands and light amount in chromosomes. In addition, it is the most enhanced method in identifying chromosomes and recognising any abnormality in chromosome count. Moreover, it permits the prognosis and management of patient. Also it has the ability of diagnosing many kinds of abnormality found in chromosome like Down syndrome, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome.

2.

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Technique of chromosomes spreading results in chromosomes that have good morphology which are well separated and amplified. Both nucleoli and chromosomes come out of cells spreading on the microscopic slide. Steam induces hydrolysis of cytoplasm and also it helps in rapid spreading of chromosomes. In addition, the stream has the capability of accelerating hydrolysis of plasma membrane through heating the surface of slide. As a result, this will induce evaporation of ethanol. Besides, steam helps to provide rapid cell rehydration by delivering water to slide surface.

3.

Table 1: Number of stained cells and unstained cells in the four corner squares of the counting chamber.

Percentage availability= (number of unstained cells/total number of cells) ×100%

Percentage availability= (14/19) ×100%= 73.7 %

4. HeLa cells are kind of cells that are classified as immortal cell lines. They are the oldest and mostly used human cell lines. These cells are extracted from cervical cancer cells from a patient called Henrietta Lacks. The size of these cell lines was found to be 20 microns diameter. They also characterized as Adherent cell lines.

Short answer questions:

1. Primary culture is a procedure in which culture cells are dissociated from parental tissue and then cultured in the presence of appropriate conditions. Secondary culture is a procedure in which culture cells are derived from primary cultures. When the primary culture is subcultures, it is known as secondary culture. However, cell line takes place after the primary culture's subculture. Besides, secondary culture poses a long cells' lifespan while both cell line and primary cell culture have a shorter cells' lifespan. This is because when the primary cells grow, the nutrients become limited leading toxins to accumulate in the medium. In addition, primary cell culture can be taken from many different parental tissues while the cell line often derived from one tissue.