Epidemiology: Global and Public Health Comparison Paper

Comparison Paper

Vivia Haye-Wallace

NUR408 Epidemiology: Global And Public Health

December 19, 2011

Sandi Wheeler

Comparison Paper

Public Health is on a national, state, and county hierarchy dealing in enquiry, data analysis, and approval for health promotion. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and census are examples of public health. In this paper the subject to explore is unfolding the chronicle of community health incorporating relevant years and major happenings. Describing the differences between public and community health as it relates to the agencies in the research are other factors that this paper explores. Researching information about public health resources are additional factors that this paper explores.

History of Public Health Nursing

According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) the national U.S. Department of Health and Human Services began with hospitals and care for seamen and Marines in 1798 (p. 25). During the 1800, nurses began to uncover more into the type of public and community nursing. According to Fee and Bu (2010), Lillian Wald invents the expression "public health nurse" (p. 1206). Her philosophy expresses the belief that public health nurses should handle societal and financial difficulties in addition to taking care of sick persons. Linking with the health of a particular neighborhood, and cooperating with public agencies to aid advance living situations within the community are some of the functions of the public health nurse.

In 1893, Lillian Wald, and Mary Brewster graduates from nursing school introduce the concept of public health nursing into the profession (Fee & Bu, 2010, p. 1206). Beginning in the nineteenth century during the great depression Wald and Brewster help individuals of the community with food, medicines, and referrals to hospitals and pharmacies. Most significantly, many persons acquiring work in different areas within the society gave credit for this achievement to the above graduates as a result of linking with their community associations. Stanhope and Lancaster (2008) further postulates that in 1893 the famous "Henry Street Nursing Settlement" an association for the unfortunate of New York came into existence (p. 36). This organization assists families with ways of health advancement and avoidance of diseases along with entertaining events for a healthier quality of life. The growing acknowledgment of community functions for women endorses public and community health nursing work for nurses.

The Marine hospital system for sailors became the Public Health Service in 1906; the transformation of children's service by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 advocates' children's interests, and child labor laws (HHS, n. d.). The Bureau of Indian health service of 1921 creates medical assistances for indigenous Americans on reservations. In 1930, the State-run Hygienic Laboratory later became the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, became the Food, and Drug Administration (HHS, n. d.). 1946 introduces the Communicable Disease Center converting into the Center for Disease Control (HHS, n. d.). The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) of which President Eisenhower initiates was brought into existence on April 11, 1953; HEW became the Department of Health and Human Services, officially May 4, 1980 (HHS, n. d.).

Comparing Community and Public Health

Public Health Nursing is accountable for the instruction and organization of a volunteer disaster staff known as the Florida Medical Reserve Corp (Department of health Florida, n. d.). Sites are community-based whose resolve is to classify locally and make use of health professional's abilities, gifts, and proficiency through volunteer programs to endorse community health and take action in emergency conditions. According to Lopez (2009) the previous era reveals a recurrence of labors to unite public health and urban planning (p. 1603). Concentrating on the health effects of the built setting, new study has shed light on the relationship between