The Internet Outline

Jonathan Larson

History / Science

February 10, 2012

The Internet

The Internet Outline

I.Introduction

A. Intro to the Internet

B. Petroski

C. Internet Background

II.How the Internet works

A. How you connect to the Internet

B. Protocols

C. Hardware talk

III.History of the Internet

A. Beginning of the internet

B. 1975 ARPSNET

C. 1983 changes

IV. Domain and organization of the network

A. Types of Domains

V. IP Addresses

A. DNS

B. How IP address works

VI.Access to the Internet

A. Internet connection stage 1

B. Internet connection stage 2

C. Internet connection stage 3

VII. Positive Effects

A. Time

B. Travel

C. Businesses

VIII. Negative Effects

A. Social Skills

B. Social Networking

IX.Conclusion

A. Restate topic

B. Future of Internet

The Internet is a global computer network. For the past decade, internet networking usage size has increased by 480 percent worldwide. The Internet forms the core communication that various information networking belonging to various institutions throughout the world. In the past this network was used exclusively as a way for transferring files and emails, but today the internet is used for more complex tasks. When analyzing the history of the Internet and its evolution over the past half century one will see that that it closely follows Petroski's theory. Petroski states that, "What drives all creators to create and all inventors to invent is the perception that something is failing to meet the need as easily and efficiently as it could. According to How the Internet Works book. "The Internet as we see today has evolved and is continuing to, because it is a form of failure. This means that the Internet has been constantly changing because people keep shortcoming the previous models or generations. We live in a technologically savvy world and humans seek to obtain the fastest operating system, fastest internet connections, and the largest amount of RAM (random access memory) possible. All this would not be available to us if we were content with what existing in the past. The study of the Internet will prove that humans continually seek to find something wrong with our Instead we seek to find something wrong with our current inventions and improve upon them.

The Internet is a global network of computers that must be connected to each other via unique IP (Intellectual property) addresses. These addresses can vary if one is connected via dial-up connection or be a permanent one if it is connected to a local wireless connection. Once one is connected to the Internet they will Meet Protocol stacks. Computer networks use stack like languages to communicate with each other. Usually these protocols are already built into a computer's operating system like Windows, Linux, etc. Next these protocols are then divided into different layers. The application protocol layers are specific to applications such as www, email, ftp, etc. The Transmission Control Protocol Layer directs packets to a specific application on a computer using an IP address. Finally, the Hardware Layer which converts binary packet data to network signals and back.

To make sense of these protocols let's say one computer wants to send a message to another. The Computer sending the message in this case, let's say it's "Hello World", would work its way down the protocol layer; Application, TCP, IP, and then Hardware. Then this message is sent to the IP address of the computer that is going to be receiving it through the Internet. Once the other computer receives the packets they are then rebuild them in the opposite order. So it will go Hardware, IP, TCP, and finally Application. At the end of this process the other computer will then receive the message, "Hello World". This is in principle how the internet works and how it sends and receives data.

In 1961, the Defense Advance Research Project Agency (DARPA) under orders of the U.S. Department of Defense initiated a project to create a pilot network. This network, called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), was originally intended to study methods to ensure reliable communication between computers of different types. Many methods of data transmission via modems were developed in the ARANET. At the same time data transmission protocols in the network of the-TCP/IP .TCP/IP - which define how different types of computers can communicate with each other, were also developed. An experiment with the ARPANET was in fact so successful that many organizations were willing to invest in it to be used for daily data.

It wasn't until 1975 ARPANET evolved from an experimental to a production network. Responsibility for network administration was undertaken by the Defense Communication Agency (DCA), now called the Defense Information Agency (DISA), but the development of the ARPANET did not end as, TCP / IP protocols continued to evolve and improve. In 1983, the first standard protocol for TCP / IP was published. This development entered the Military Standards (MIL STD) and all those who worked on the network were obligated to move to these new protocols. To Facilitate this transition DARPA submitted a proposal to the heads of the firm Berkley Software Design (BSD) UNIX. Sometime later, TCP / IP had been adapted as normal that is a public standard. This is when the term Internet