Breast Cancer

Summary

Breast cancer is one of the most serious problems facing the UAE women today. Unfortunately, both its cause and its cure are not clearly discovered. So it's essential to bring this disease in discussion table to fight wrong myths and inform women on the methods that drive this disease away. This Project will briefly go through the main interest points regarding breast cancer such as the definitions of the disease and the related subjects, types and forms of the disease, some of the causes that enhance its appearance, the gens affection, Signs and Symptoms that came along with it, the current solution and treatment methods, and lastly the ways that women can use for self examination and best technique to reduce the chance of getting the breast cancer.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Tumors 1

2.1 Types of Tumors 2

2.1.1 Benign Tumors 2

2.1.2 Malignant Tumors 2

3. Cancer 2

3.1 Breast Cancer 3

3.2 Types of Breast Cancer 4

3.2.1 Ductal Cancer 4

3.2.2 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ 4

3.2.3 Inflammatory Cancer 5

3.3 Stages of Breast Cancer 6

3.4 Breast Cancer Causes 7

3.4.1 Inherited Gene Mutations 7

3.4.2 Acquired Gene Mutations 8

3.5 Signs and Symptoms 8

4. Treatment 9

4.1 Radiation 9

4.1.1 Fundamental Points About Radiation Therapy 10

4.2 Chemotherapy 11

4.3 Bone Marrow Transplant 11

5. How to Prevent Cancers 13

6. The Steps of Self Checking 13

7. Conclusion 14

8. References 15

Figure 1: Tumors 1

Figure 2: Cancer cell division 2

Figure 3: Cancer cells 3

Figure 4: Lobular carcinoma in situ 4

Figure 5: Ductal carcinoma in situ 4

Figure 6: Breast thermograph scan 5

Figure 7: Stages of breast cancer 6

Figure 8: Radiation therapy 10

Figure 9: The effect of chemotherapy on hair 11

Figure 10: Bone marrow transplant 12

Figure 11: Steps of self checking 14

1. Introduction

Breast cancer has been acknowledged as the most common cancer in the UAE between all Emiratis and foreign women. According to "Haads breast cancer awareness group", it is responsible for 28% of the entire female fatality in the UAE. The efforts to increase the awareness about the disease have been spread widely in the current time, and this topic is no exception. The key point behind this article is to educate the women about how they can protect themselves. In order to achieve this goal, the whole problem must be illustrated and Clearfield. The following will be concise information about the disease.

2. Tumors

A tumor is solid lesion shaped by an unusual growth of cells .it is made up of additional cells. Usually, old cells die and new ones replace them. Sometimes this process goes wrong in which new cells form yet, the old cells still exist. (See Fig1)

2.1 Types of Tumors

2.1.1 Benign Tumors

Benign tumor doesn't extend to other origin of the body as it's tends to develop leisurely and it's unlikely to cause health issues. However, it doesn't mean it can be forgotten. Most colon cancer develops from polyps.

2.1.2 Malignant Tumors

Malignant tumors grow much faster than benign tumors, often fatal tumor that invades nearby tissue and cells, and spread throughout the body, creating new tumors.

3. Cancer

Cancer is a type of diseases where the cells uncontrolled and develops extremely fast and exceed the typical limits (See Fig2), it is also reach other locations within the body by blood. The cancer is risky for all ages but it affects increase as the ages increase. Cancer was responsible of 13% of the entire human deaths in 2007 by around 7.6 million.

3.1 Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a set of cancer cells (See Fig3) that could develop and extend to whole areas of the body. The infection occurs almost exclusively in females, but males can get it, too. Breast cancer is one of the oldest recognized forms of cancerous tumors in humans. The oldest explanation of cancer was found in Egypt, which dates back to around 1600 BC. The Edwin Smith Papyrus explained eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast which been treated by cauterization. The writing says about the disease, "There is no treatment." For centuries, physicians described similar cases in their practises, with the similar conclusion. Doctors accomplish better image of the circulatory system in the 17th century that they could found a link among breast cancer and the lymph nodes in the armpit.

3.2 Types of Breast Cancer

3.2.1 Ductal Cancer

Have an effect on the ducts and also it's represent the majority of breast cancer affection. The ductal cancer can be in two forms:

* Ductal carcinoma in situ DCIS is non invasive, it placed